Bowling Terminology Explained: Helping You Master On-Lane Communication
As a sport that combines both competitiveness and entertainment, bowling has its unique system of professional terminology. Understanding these terms will not only help you better comprehend the rules of the game but also enhance your on-lane performance and spectating experience. Now, let me systematically introduce the core professional terms in bowling, helping you progress from beginner to expert.
Basic Terms
1. Game
The basic unit of a bowling match, consisting of 10 frames. Each player has two attempts per frame (with a possible third attempt in the 10th frame).
2. Frame
A box on the score sheet representing a segment of the game. Each game consists of 10 frames, used to record the score for that segment.
3. Strike
When a player knocks down all 10 pins with the first ball of a frame, it is called a "strike", denoted by an "X" on the score sheet. A strike awards 10 points plus the total of the next two balls rolled.
4. Spare
When a player knocks down all 10 pins using both balls of a frame, it is called a "spare", denoted by a "/" on the score sheet. A spare awards 10 points plus the total of the next ball rolled.
5. Split
A difficult setup where the remaining pins are widely spaced after the first ball, and the 1-pin has already been knocked down. A classic example is the 7-10 split (commonly known as "snake eyes").
Technical Terms
1. Hook
A bowling technique where the ball initially travels straight before curving in the latter part of its path. This is achieved by applying side rotation with the fingers.
2. Release
The critical moment when the ball leaves the bowler's hand, directly affecting the ball's rotation and trajectory.
3. Spinner
A technique commonly used by Asian bowlers, where the ball rotates on a horizontal axis, resembling the spinning motion of a flying disc.
4. Oil Pattern
The distribution pattern of oil applied to the lane, which significantly affects the ball's movement. Common patterns include "house shot" and "sport pattern."
5. Foul
A violation where any part of the body crosses the foul line, resulting in a score of 0 for that ball.
6. Dead Ball
A situation where the ball is ruled invalid after being rolled.
7. Four Timer
Refers to four consecutive strikes in a row. Also known as "Force."
8. High Hit
When the ball strikes the 1-pin head-on with a strong impact.
9. Gutter Ball
When the ball rolls into the gutter without hitting any pins.
10. Backup Ball
For a right-handed bowler, a ball that curves left instead of right, and vice versa for left-handed bowlers.
11. Double Bowling
A rule violation where a bowler uses a different ball for the second throw after the first.
12. Blow
Failing to knock down all 10 pins after two throws in a frame. Also called an "error" or "miss."
13. Creeper
A slow-moving ball with low speed.
14. Cross Alley
A diagonal approach where a right-handed bowler aims from the right side of the approach toward the left-side pins, or vice versa for left-handed bowlers. This is used to convert difficult corner-pin spares.
15. Backswing
The backward motion of the ball before the forward swing during the delivery.
16. Baby Split
A spare setup specifically referring to the 2-7 or 3-10 pin combinations.
17. Brooklyn
For a right-handed bowler, hitting between the 1-pin and 2-pin; for a left-handed bowler, hitting between the 1-pin and 3-pin.
Facility-Related Terms
1. Alley / Lane
The area where the bowling ball rolls, from the foul line to the pins. Also referred to as "Alley Bed."
2. Arrows
The arrow-shaped markers on the lane are used for targeting.
3. Headpin
The 1-pin, positioned at the front of the pin setup.
4. Ball Rack
The designated area where bowling balls are stored.
5. Approach
The area where bowlers take their steps before releasing the ball. Standard approaches are 4 or 5 steps.
6. Foul Line
The black boundary line separates the approach area from the lane.
7. Fast Lane
A lane with heavier oil, making it harder for the ball to hook.
8. Cushion
A buffer zone is designed to absorb the impact force when the ball hits.
Scoring & Competition Terms
1. Perfect Game
A game with 12 consecutive strikes, resulting in a maximum score of 300.
2. Turkey
Three consecutive strikes in a row, a term originating from the tradition of awarding a turkey to bowlers who achieved this feat.
3. Clean Game
A game where every frame results in either a strike or a spare, with no open frames.
4. Count
The bonus points are added after a strike or spare, based on the next ball(s) rolled.
5. Handicap
A scoring system designed to level the playing field between bowlers of different skill levels, calculated as a percentage of the difference between a bowler's average and a benchmark score.
6. Average
The mean score calculated over multiple games, representing a bowler's skill level.
7. Foundation
Specifically refers to a strike in the 9th frame, setting up a strong finish.
Mastering these professional terms will help you gain a deeper understanding of bowling, whether for recreational play or competitive matches, ensuring a more professional experience.
