ボウリングの種類とスコアリングシステム
Types of Bowling
1. Tenpin Bowling
The most common form of bowling and the standard for international competitions.
Pin Arrangement: 10 pins in a triangular formation (1-2-3-4 pattern).
Ball Specifications：
- Diameter: ~8.5 inches
- Peso： 4 to 16 lbs (~ 1.8 -7.3 kg)
- Features: Three finger holes for grip, made of rubber, resin, or composite materials.
2. Duckpin Bowling
Originating in the late 19th century in the U.S., primarily popular along the East Coast (e.g., Maryland, Connecticut). The name comes from the short, stubby pins resembling ducks and their wobbling motion when hit. Evolved from ten-pin bowling but uses smaller balls and pins, making it more challenging.
Pins: 10, shorter and thicker than ten-pin pins, arranged in the same pattern.
Ball: No finger holes, ~4.75 inches (12 cm) in diameter, max weight 3 lbs 12 oz (~1.7 kg).
3. Other Variants
① Ninepin Bowling
· Popular in Europe (e.g., Germany, Austria).
· Uses 9 pins arranged in a diamond pattern, with no finger holes in the ball.
· Unique scoring: Typically counts total pins knocked down or uses a complex positional scoring system.
② Candlepin Bowling
· Features tall, thin pins resembling candles.
· Uses the smallest ball (only 2.5 lbs).
· Allows 3 throws per frame.
· Popular in New England, U.S.
③ Fivepin Bowling
· Exclusive to Canada.
· Uses smaller pins with rubber rings in the middle.
· Ball has no finger holes.
Scoring Methods
1. Tenpin Bowling
① Game Structure: 10 frames, max 2 throws per frame (unless a strike is scored).
② Strike ("X"): Knocking down all 10 pins on the first throw → 10 points + next two throws as bonus.
Example：
Strike in Frame 1, then 7 pins in Frame 2 → Frame 1 score = 10 + 7 = 17.
③ Spare ("/"): Knocking down all 10 pins in t wo throws → 10 points + next throw as bonus.
Example：
Spare in Frame 1, then 5 pins in Frame 2 → Frame 1 score = 10 + 5 = 15.
④ Open Frame: Failing to knock down all 10 pins → only counts pins fallen.
⑤ El 10th Frame Rules：
Strike: Extra 2 throws.
Spare: Extra 1 throw.
⑥ Perfect Game: 12 consecutive strikes (300 points).
2. Duckpin Bowling
① 3 throws per frame (instead of 2).
② No strike/spare bonuses – only counts pins knocked down.
③ Theoretical max score: 300 (30 per frame), but extremely rare.
④ Simpler scoring: Only tracks pins per frame and cumulative total.
This scoring system reduces strategy but increases unpredictability, making the game more entertaining.
Bowling offers diverse experiences, from the competitive ten-pin to the quirky duckpin and regional variants like candle-pin and five-pin. Whether for sport or fun, each style provides unique challenges and enjoyment for players of all levels.
